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            <h2 class="toc-title">目录</h2>
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        </div><article class="page single"><h1 class="single-title animated flipInX">05_K8S_核心插件coredns服务</h1><div class="post-meta">
            <div class="post-meta-line"><span class="post-author"><a href="/" title="Author" rel=" author" class="author"><i class="fas fa-user-circle fa-fw"></i>老男孩</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="post-category">收录于 <a href="/categories/%E8%BD%AC%E8%BD%BD/"><i class="far fa-folder fa-fw"></i>转载</a>&nbsp;<a href="/categories/k8s/"><i class="far fa-folder fa-fw"></i>K8S</a></span></div>
            <div class="post-meta-line"><i class="far fa-calendar-alt fa-fw"></i>&nbsp;<time datetime="2020-10-01">2020-10-01</time>&nbsp;<i class="fas fa-pencil-alt fa-fw"></i>&nbsp;约 2038 字&nbsp;
                <i class="far fa-clock fa-fw"></i>&nbsp;预计阅读 5 分钟&nbsp;<span id="/05_k8s_%E6%A0%B8%E5%BF%83%E6%8F%92%E4%BB%B6coredns%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1/" class="leancloud_visitors" data-flag-title="05_K8S_核心插件coredns服务">
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                    <span>目录</span>
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                <div class="details-content toc-content" id="toc-content-static"><nav id="TableOfContents">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#1-coredns用途">1 coredns用途</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#11-为什么需要服务发现">1.1 为什么需要服务发现</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#2-coredns的部署">2 coredns的部署</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#21-获取coredns的docker镜像">2.1 获取coredns的docker镜像</a></li>
        <li><a href="#22-创建coredns的资源配置清单">2.2 创建coredns的资源配置清单</a>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#221-rbac集群权限清单">2.2.1 rbac集群权限清单</a></li>
            <li><a href="#222-configmap配置清单">2.2.2 configmap配置清单</a></li>
            <li><a href="#223-depoly控制器清单">2.2.3 depoly控制器清单</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
        <li><a href="#224-service资源清单">2.2.4 service资源清单</a></li>
        <li><a href="#23-创建资源并验证">2.3 创建资源并验证</a>
          <ul>
            <li><a href="#231-验证服务能够访问">2.3.1 验证服务能够访问`</a></li>
            <li><a href="#232-创建资源">2.3.2 创建资源:</a></li>
            <li><a href="#233-查看创建情况">2.3.3. 查看创建情况:</a></li>
            <li><a href="#234-使用dig测试解析">2.3.4 使用dig测试解析</a></li>
            <li><a href="#235-创建一个service资源来验证">2.3.5 创建一个service资源来验证</a></li>
          </ul>
        </li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
</nav></div>
            </div><div class="content" id="content"><h1 id="05_k8s_核心插件coredns服务">05_K8S_核心插件CoreDNS服务</h1>
<h2 id="1-coredns用途">1 coredns用途</h2>
<p><a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/addons/dns/coredns/coredns.yaml.base" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreffer">coredns github地址</a>
coredns都做了什么：<a href="http://ccnuo.com/2019/08/25/CoreDNS%EF%BC%9AKubernetes%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E5%9F%9F%E5%90%8D%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E3%80%81%E5%BC%8A%E7%AB%AF%E5%8F%8A%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreffer">Kubernetes内部域名解析原理、弊端及优化方式</a>
coredns在K8S中的用途,主要是用作服务发现，也就是服务(应用)之间相互定位的过程。</p>
<h3 id="11-为什么需要服务发现">1.1 为什么需要服务发现</h3>
<p><strong>在K8S集群中，POD有以下特性：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>服务动态性强
容器在k8s中迁移会导致POD的IP地址变化</li>
<li>更新发布频繁
版本迭代快，新旧POD的IP地址会不同</li>
<li>支持自动伸缩
大促或流量高峰需要动态伸缩，IP地址会动态增减</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>service资源解决POD服务发现：</strong>
为了解决pod地址变化的问题，需要部署service资源，用service资源代理后端pod，通过暴露service资源的固定地址(集群IP)，来解决以上POD资源变化产生的IP变动问题
<strong>那service资源的服务发现呢？</strong>
service资源提供了一个不变的集群IP供外部访问，但</p>
<ol>
<li>IP地址毕竟难以记忆</li>
<li>service资源可能也会被销毁和创建</li>
<li>能不能将service资源名称和service暴露的集群网络IP对于</li>
<li>类似域名与IP关系，则只需记服务名就能自动匹配服务IP</li>
<li>岂不就达到了service服务的自动发现</li>
</ol>
<p><strong>在k8s中，coredns就是为了解决以上问题。</strong></p>
<h2 id="2-coredns的部署">2 coredns的部署</h2>
<p>从coredns开始，我们使用声明式向k8s中交付容器的方式，来部署服务</p>
<h3 id="21-获取coredns的docker镜像">2.1 获取coredns的docker镜像</h3>
<p>以下操作可以在任意节点上完成,推荐在<code>7.200</code>上做,因为接下来制作coredns的k8s配置清单也是在运维主机<code>7.200</code>上创建后,再到node节点上应用</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">docker pull docker.io/coredns/coredns:1.6.1
docker tag coredns:1.6.1 harbor.zq.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1
docker push harbor.zq.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="22-创建coredns的资源配置清单">2.2 创建coredns的资源配置清单</h3>
<p>以下资源配置清单,都是参考官网改出来的</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">mkdir -p /data/k8s-yaml/coredns
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h4 id="221-rbac集群权限清单">2.2.1 rbac集群权限清单</h4>
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">cat &gt;/data/k8s-yaml/coredns/rbac.yaml &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
      kubernetes.io/cluster-service: &#34;true&#34;
      addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
  name: system:coredns
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - &#34;&#34;
  resources:
  - endpoints
  - services
  - pods
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  annotations:
    rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: &#34;true&#34;
  labels:
    kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists
  name: system:coredns
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:coredns
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
EOF
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h4 id="222-configmap配置清单">2.2.2 configmap配置清单</h4>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">cat &gt;/data/k8s-yaml/coredns/cm.yaml &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  Corefile: |
    .:53 {
        errors
        log
        health
        ready
        kubernetes cluster.local 192.168.0.0/16  #service资源cluster地址
        forward . 10.4.7.11   #上级DNS地址
        cache 30
        loop
        reload
        loadbalance
       }
EOF
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h4 id="223-depoly控制器清单">2.2.3 depoly控制器清单</h4>
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">cat &gt;/data/k8s-yaml/coredns/dp.yaml &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: coredns
    kubernetes.io/name: &#34;CoreDNS&#34;
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: coredns
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: coredns
    spec:
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: coredns
      containers:
      - name: coredns
        image: harbor.zq.com/public/coredns:v1.6.1
        args:
        - -conf
        - /etc/coredns/Corefile
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/coredns
        ports:
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns
          protocol: UDP
        - containerPort: 53
          name: dns-tcp
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 9153
          name: metrics
          protocol: TCP
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /health
            port: 8080
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 60
          timeoutSeconds: 5
          successThreshold: 1
          failureThreshold: 5
      dnsPolicy: Default
      volumes:
        - name: config-volume
          configMap:
            name: coredns
            items:
            - key: Corefile
              path: Corefile
EOF
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="224-service资源清单">2.2.4 service资源清单</h3>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">cat &gt;/data/k8s-yaml/coredns/svc.yaml &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: coredns
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: coredns
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: &#34;true&#34;
    kubernetes.io/name: &#34;CoreDNS&#34;
spec:
  selector:
    k8s-app: coredns
  clusterIP: 192.168.0.2
  ports:
  - name: dns
    port: 53
    protocol: UDP
  - name: dns-tcp
    port: 53
  - name: metrics
    port: 9153
    protocol: TCP
EOF
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h3 id="23-创建资源并验证">2.3 创建资源并验证</h3>
<p>在任意NODE节点执行配置都可以,先</p>
<h4 id="231-验证服务能够访问">2.3.1 验证服务能够访问`</h4>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">[root@hdss7-21 ~]# dig -t A harbor.zq.com  +short
10.4.7.200
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><h4 id="232-创建资源">2.3.2 创建资源:</h4>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">kubectl create -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/coredns/rbac.yaml
kubectl create -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/coredns/cm.yaml
kubectl create -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/coredns/dp.yaml
kubectl create -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/coredns/svc.yaml
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p><img
        class="lazyload"
        src="/svg/loading.min.svg"
        data-src="https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926151-64275fd4-1e6c-44dd-af62-ad614d3e775e.png"
        data-srcset="https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926151-64275fd4-1e6c-44dd-af62-ad614d3e775e.png, https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926151-64275fd4-1e6c-44dd-af62-ad614d3e775e.png 1.5x, https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926151-64275fd4-1e6c-44dd-af62-ad614d3e775e.png 2x"
        data-sizes="auto"
        alt="https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926151-64275fd4-1e6c-44dd-af62-ad614d3e775e.png"
        title="https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926151-64275fd4-1e6c-44dd-af62-ad614d3e775e.png" /></p>
<h4 id="233-查看创建情况">2.3.3. 查看创建情况:</h4>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">kubectl get all -n kube-system
kubectl get svc -o wide -n kube-system
dig -t A www.baidu.com @192.168.0.2 +short
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p><img
        class="lazyload"
        src="/svg/loading.min.svg"
        data-src="https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926177-82a3ab1f-8c4b-4442-9eeb-bf18c91a2ffd.png"
        data-srcset="https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926177-82a3ab1f-8c4b-4442-9eeb-bf18c91a2ffd.png, https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926177-82a3ab1f-8c4b-4442-9eeb-bf18c91a2ffd.png 1.5x, https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926177-82a3ab1f-8c4b-4442-9eeb-bf18c91a2ffd.png 2x"
        data-sizes="auto"
        alt="https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926177-82a3ab1f-8c4b-4442-9eeb-bf18c91a2ffd.png"
        title="https://jyd01.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/uPic/1601203926177-82a3ab1f-8c4b-4442-9eeb-bf18c91a2ffd.png" /></p>
<h4 id="234-使用dig测试解析">2.3.4 使用dig测试解析</h4>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
<table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">[root@hdss7-21 ~]# dig -t A www.baidu.com @192.168.0.2 +short
www.a.shifen.com.
39.156.66.18
39.156.66.14
[root@hdss7-21 ~]# dig -t A harbor.zq.com @192.168.0.2 +short
10.4.7.200
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>coredns已经能解析外网域名了,因为coredns的配置中,写了他的上级DNS为<code>10.4.7.11</code>,如果它自己解析不出来域名,会通过递归查询一级级查找
但coredns我们不是用来做外网解析的,而是用来做service名和serviceIP的解析</p>
<h4 id="235-创建一个service资源来验证">2.3.5 创建一个service资源来验证</h4>
<p>先查看<code>kube-public</code>名称空间有没有pod</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">~]#  kubectl get pod  -n kube-public
No resources found.
# 之前我调试问题已经清理了所有的POD,所以没有
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>如果没有则先创建pod</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">kubectl create deployment nginx-dp --image=harbor.zq.com/public/nginx:v1.17.9 -n kube-public
~]# kubectl get deployments -n kube-public
NAME       READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-dp   1/1     1            1           35s
~]#  kubectl get pod  -n kube-public
NAME                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-dp-568f8dc55-rxvx2   1/1     Running   0          56s
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>给pod创建一个service</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">kubectl expose deployment nginx-dp --port=80 -n kube-public
~]# kubectl -n kube-public get service
NAME       TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
nginx-dp   ClusterIP   192.168.63.255   &lt;none&gt;        80/TCP    11s
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>验证是否可以解析</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">~]# dig -t A nginx-dp @192.168.0.2 +short
# 发现无返回数据,难道解析不了
# 其实是需要完整域名:服务名.名称空间.svc.cluster.local.
~]# dig -t A nginx-dp.kube-public.svc.cluster.local. @192.168.0.2 +short
192.168.63.255
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><blockquote>
<p>可以看到我们没有手动添加任何解析记录，我们nginx-dp的service资源的IP，已经被解析了：</p>
</blockquote>
<p>进入到pod内部再次验证</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<td class="lntd">
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">~]# kubectl -n kube-public exec -it nginx-dp-568f8dc55-rxvx2 /bin/bash
-qjwmz:/# apt update &amp;&amp; apt install curl
-qjwmz:/# ping nginx-dp
PING nginx-dp.kube-public.svc.cluster.local (192.168.191.232): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 192.168.191.232: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.184 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.191.232: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.225 ms
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><p>为什么在容器中不用加全域名?</p>
<div class="highlight"><div class="chroma">
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback">-qjwmz:/# cat /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.0.2
search kube-public.svc.cluster.local svc.cluster.local cluster.local host.com
options ndots:5
</code></pre></td></tr></table>
</div>
</div><blockquote>
<p>当我进入到pod内部以后，会发现我们的dns地址是我们的coredns地址，以及搜索域中已经添加了搜索域:<code>kube-public.svc.cluster.local</code></p>
</blockquote>
<p>我们解决了在集群内部解析的问题，要想在集群外部访问我们的服务还需要<code>igerss</code>服务暴露功能
现在，我们已经解决了在集群内部解析的问题，但是我们怎么做到在集群外部访问我们的服务呢？</p>
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